oxidative stress is the root cause of inflamation

https://twitter.com/docmmiller/status/1495518350851690498


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https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26696256/

Review Curr Pharm Des

. 2016;22(4):450-71. doi: 10.2174/1381612822666151222160559.

Oxidative stress and myocarditis

Yuko Tada, Jun-Ichi Suzuki 1
Affiliations expand

PMID: 26696256 DOI: 10.2174/1381612822666151222160559

Abstract

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide anion and hydrogen
peroxide are produced highly in myocarditis. ROS, which not only act
as effectors for pathogen killing but also mediate signal transduction
in the stress responsive pathways, are closely related with both
innate and adaptive immunity. On the other hand, oxidative stress
overwhelming the capacity of anti-oxidative system generated in severe
inflammation has been suggested to damage tissues and exacerbate
inflammation. Oxidative stress worsens the autoimmunological process
of myocarditis, and suppression of the anti-oxidative system and
long-lasting oxidative stress could be one of the pathological
mechanisms of cardiac remodeling leading to inflammatory
cardiomyopathy. Oxidative stress is considered to be one of the
promising treatment targets of myocarditis. Evidences of
anti-oxidative treatments in myocarditis have not been fully
established. Basic strategies of anti-oxidative treatments include
inhibition of ROS production, activation of anti-oxidative enzymes and
elimination of generated free radicals. ROS are produced by
mitochondrial respiratory chain reactions and enzymes including NADPH
oxidases, cyclooxygenase, and xanthine oxidase. Other systems involved
in inflammation and stress response, such as NF-κB, Nrf2/Keap1, and
neurohumoral factors also influence oxidative stress in myocarditis.
The efficacy of anti-oxidative treatments could also depend on the
etiology and the phases of myocarditis. We review in this article the
pathological significance of ROS and oxidative stress, and the
potential anti-oxidative treatments in myocarditis.